When Photographs Go to a New Home

My office at home holds boxes and boxes of photographic negatives, prints, slides, and Kodak Carousel trays. I needed to seriously downsize (i.e., discard junk). But I hated to throw this body of work in the trash. Did anyone want it?

Coastal and Beach Slides

Examples of pages containing slides

During the years I worked at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, I took thousands of photographs (mostly Kodachrome slides) of beaches, coastal features, harbors, and bluffs. They included the Great Lakes, Long Island, Florida, Alabama, California, Calabria, Chiapas, Greece, and more. I stored them in archival pages in black 3-ring binders. On each slide, I wrote a date and location. When I retired, the binders came home in cardboard boxes. But I never looked at them. Someone surely could use them. 

After some emails, the American Shore & Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA), the publisher of Shore & Beach, said they would like the collection. I promised that I had only saved technically good slides and they would not be receiving faded generic beaches with no location or date information. I had published some articles in Shore & Beach before, so we had a personal connection. ASBPA was in the process of scanning slides from Mr. Orville Magoon, a famous coastal engineer who practiced in Hawaii and California for decades. His pictures are on a very clever ArcGIS display of the California coast.

Binders organized by location

Boxed and ready to go, March 2023

I looked at each and every page and removed non-pertinent slides. I also added extra annotation to some of the labels. My steel bulk slide boxes also contained some coastal photos, especially extra photographs from Greece. I placed them into archival pages and added them to the binders. Finally, I made new labels for the binders, packed them in new cardboard boxes (U-Haul Small) and sent them to ASBPA. 

 

Examples USA

Here are a few samples of coastal photographs.

On the breakwater at Los Angeles Long Beach Harbor

A coworker and I went to the Los Angeles Long Beach harbor to change data tapes and batteries in the SeaData wave gauges. The tower at the end of one arm of the breakwater held one of our radio antennas. We stayed in a cheesy motel on shore, but then I discovered we could have slept on the Queen Mary within the per diem rate. I recall my coworker knew a lady at the motel.

Cape Hatteras view north over Diamond Shoals, February 1993

A coworker and I rented a plane from Naval Base Norfolk and flew the shore from Cape Henry south to Cape Hatteras. The light was hazy. The stormy seas outlined the double sand bars that extended almost this entire stretch of the Outer Banks. The rough water in the lower part of the picture is the infamous Diamond Shoals. These shoals were treacherous for sailing vessels and were called the "Graveyard of the Atlantic". In 1993, the Cape Hatteras lighthouse was still in its original vulnerable location next to the ocean. You can see it in the photograph above (click to enlarge to 2400 pixels wide).

Cape Hatteras Light House at its original location. 

View north from the Hatteras light house. The town of Buxton is to the left.

The National Park Service generously opened the tower for the coastal processes class that we taught at the Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF). This was a beautiful day with a much gentler sea that the one during the 1993 flight. You can see the single offshore sand bar.

Rocky (granitic) coast, South Harpswell, Maine

South Street Seaport, Manhattan, New York City

Boardwalk at Rockaway Beach, Queens, New York

Erie Harbor North Pier Light, Erie Harbor Entrance Channel, Presque Isle, Pennsylvania

Dredging and maintaining the entrance channel at Erie, Pennsylvania, was one of the earliest civil projects conducted by the US Army Corps of Engineers. President Monroe signed the first Rivers and Harbors Act in 1824, which directed funds toward initial improvements of the harbor at Erie. 

Examples Europe

Guardia Piedmontese, Calabria, Italy, June 2000

The Provincial Government of Cosenza sponsored three of us from the lab to conduct a survey of beach structures and coastal erosion and advise what could be done to mitigate the erosion. Note the train on the embankment just behind the beach. One critical problem was that during winter storms, sea spray caused arcing between the overhead electrical wires and train service had to stop. This is the main rail line between Naples and Messina.

Storm-cut scarp on a gravel beach, Agios Ioannis, Pelion, Greece

Greece has a rugged and complicated coast. Years ago, a coworker and I proposed compiling a book, Coastlines of Greece, which would have been one of the Coastlines of the World series by the American Society of Civil Engineers. Sadly, it never happened.  

 

Agios Dionysios Monastery, Moni Athos, Greece (founded in the 14th century)

Agios Panteleimonas Monastery, Moni Athos, Greece (founded in 1169; rebuilt after a major fire in 1968)

Moni Athos, or the Holy Mountain, is a peninsula southeast of Thessaloniki, Greece. It has been a semi-independent and self-governing community of monks for over a thousand years. The scenery is utterly spectacular because the mountains have never been forested. The coastal scenery does not get much better than this. 

The monasteries, some of which date back 700 years, are self-contained communities. They now constitute a Unesco World Heritage Site. The cultural aspects are extraordinary. For example, the Grand Monastery of the Lavron has frescos in the dining hall attributed to the painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos, better known as El Greco. 

Saint Panteleimonas is the Russian monastery and houses exclusively Russian monks, sent by the Russian Orthodox Church. The liturgies are spoken in Russian. President Vladimir Putin visited the monastery on September 9, 2005.

An unusual note: Most of Athos still uses the Julian calendar. After all, we are the ones who switched to that new-fangled calendar. But I suspect the monk's mobile phones show the new calendar, unless they have a conversion app.

Moni Athos is a popular trekking area, but for men only. Access is strictly controlled. You must get a permit to visit the peninsula.

Family Photos

Oh, oh, where did these hundreds of family photographs come from? I love the children but can't store the prints, negatives, and slides forever. They have gone to the appropriate parents. Here are a couple of examples.

A quiet afternoon with a book, Nerantza, Greece

Discussing beach processes on a gravel beach, Nerantza, Greece

This has been a lot of work, but I hope my old photos have gone somewhere to have another life. Will the recipients eventually discard them? Maybe, but I tried.

Abandoned Early Digital Technology: the Kodak Photo CD

Background

The great Eastman Kodak Company was an early pioneer in the technology and science behind digital imaging. Kodak scientists and mathematicians developed many of the early patents pertaining to digital imaging chips, data processing, and color management. The Department of Defense funded some of this early work. The popular press and photo "experts" in internet fantasy-land love to curse at Kodak and say how it totally missed the digital revolution. As usual, most of them have an agenda and the story is more complicated.

Kodak's managers, scientists, and engineers were fully aware of how digital imaging would eventually destroy their immense profit machine. Kodak made money from film production and selling supplies to photo-finishing companies around the world. These were high-margin disposable supplies that needed constant replenishing. Digital was totally different. It was based on the manufacture of cameras and peripherals (memory cards and software), a different economic model from Kodak's. 

Three Photo CDs from 1995. Note the handy index sheets.

What is a Photo CD?

During the transition period of the 1990s, Kodak tried to bridge both worlds with their Photo CD. From Wikipedia, 

Photo CD is a system designed by Kodak for digitizing and saving photos onto a CD. Launched in 1991, the discs were designed to hold nearly 100 high quality images, scanned prints and slides using special proprietary encoding. Photo CDs are defined in the Beige Book and conform to the CD-ROM XA and CD-i Bridge specifications as well. They were intended to play on CD-i players, Photo CD players (Apple's PowerCD for example), and any computer with a suitable software (LaserSoft Imaging's SilverFast DC or HDR for example).

You can read more details on this site.

To buy a Photo CD, you first had Kodak (or select laboratories) develop your film. Then they scanned your frames with proprietary Kodak scanners to a compact disk (CD). 

From Linotype-Hell Company technical note:

The Kodak Photo CD scanner uses a stationary tri-linear array (three linear arrays with a R,G, or B filter) of 2048 elements. It is designed exclusively for 35mm film. During scanning, the film is moved parallel to the long dimension of the frame. This results in a scanned data file of 2048 by 3072 pixels in R, G, and B per frame of 35mm film. Before this data is quantized for storage, several transformations are made to optimize the encoding of the data for various applications and to achieve data compression.

The primary consumer application for Photo CD is television display. Kodak therefore has chosen to refer to the TV display resolution as the Base image. This resolution is achieved by averaging 16 pixels in the original high resolution 16 Base image to create each single pixel at Base resolution. This averaging is done in a two-step process so that an intermediate resolution HDTV image (4 Base) is also available. In addition, since TV uses luminance/chrominance data, the scanner RGB data is mathematically transformed into a single luminance and two chrominance components before processing. Kodak identifies the particular luminance and chrominance that they use as PhotoYCCTM (or YCC for short).

Kodak PCD-860 player (by permission from an eBay listing by 68ra-53)

Kodak designed the system to allow customers to see their photographs on a television screen. Kodak sold several Photo CD playback readers that you connected to your television. But American analog NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) televisions in the 1990s had poor (OK miserable) color and dynamic range. To make the photographs look good on a television screen, Kodak's software expanded the color and dynamic range. I am not sure how the CDs were encoded to play back correctly on PAL or SECAM televisions. Possibly, the playback units for those markets did some software processing internally. 

I do not know if these players will work on current Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) units that use the ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) standards. 

Reading Photo CD Files

Many software packages, like Ifranview, will still open the .PCD files on the PhotoCD. But images often look washed out because of the exaggerated dynamic range. I think Kodak planned to offer a software to open the files on 1990s computers, but I have not been able to find a copy. Maybe this software was never offered to the public. Kodak recommended that applications use a Lookup Table (LUT) after converting the PhotoYCC data from the Photo CD into RGB. 

The problem lies in the fact that most modern programs do not have access to these Kodak lookup tables. Most software companies have long discontinued their packages that opened Photo CD files and properly corrected the color and dynamic range. LaserSoft no longer sells their SilverFast PhotoCD. pcdMagic may be the only currently-marketed software that runs on contemporary computers.  

An alternative: a Photrio reader wrote that Digital Light & Color Picture Window Pro 7 correctly opened the Photo CD format. Version 7 is now a free package. But only the 32-bit Windows Version 7 opens the Photo CD. I downloaded it onto a 64-bit computer running Windows 7 Pro, and Picture Window opened correctly. 

A minor issue: Picture Window needs the index files that are on the Photo CD. If you downloaded just the .PCD files to a hard drive, I think you cannot access them. Therefore, you need the original CD as well as a CD reader. If your computer does not have a CD drive, you must find/buy a portable unit or need to revive an older computer. (Hint: do not discard your legacy computers; you never know when you might need some of the old hardware or software). 

Skopelos, Greece

Hora (main town), Skopelos, Greece (Kodachrome 25, Leica M3, 50mm Summicron lens)

Hora, Skopelos (90mm ƒ/2.8 Tele-Elmarit lens)

How does my garden grow? Skopelos town (135mm ƒ/4 Tele-Elmarit lens)

My croissant is too small; Skopelos

Skiathos

Hangin' out in the sun, Skiathos

Waiting for departure, Hora, Skiathos

Kastro, Malaria Beach, Skiathos

The Kastro was the medieval fortified town on the very northern tip of Skiathos. It was settled in the 1300s when the islanders fled from the raids of Turkish pirates.

Morning in Skiathos

Mainland, Attica

Abandoned loading dock for minerals, Grammatikó (near Marathonas) (50mm Summicron, polarizer)

Summary

My experience with the Photo CD process was mixed. You can see that on many of these frames, the colors are exaggerated or a bit off. Some have a subtle color cast. For some Kodachrome rolls, the files on the CD were very good quality. But other CDs had poor exposures and colors. I think the Kodak automated scanner may have set color and gain for the whole roll based on the first slide. But if that slide was poorly exposed, and no technician inspected the process, the .PCD file for that first frame ended up looking good, but the rest of the roll looked poor.

Dark Kodachrome slides did not scan well. The dark areas were noisy and had a purple color cast. It is possible that the Picture Window Pro 7 software did not correct the colors quite right. And it is possible that being designed as a display media for NTSC televisions, the colors will never be "correct". I could do more adjustments with Photoshop, but that ends up taking a lot of time. It may be better to just scan from scratch with a film scanner.

I expect that C-41 negative film, such as Gold 100, would have transferred more successfully on the Kodak CD system. 

I did not use Photo-CD scanning after the late-1990s. And I never bought one of the viewing units for the television. Still, it was a clever interim technology. Eastman Kodak deserved credit for trying to integrate traditional film with the digital future.

Fun in South Shreveport, Louisiana

On the way home from Houston in early 2023, my wife and I decided to break up the trip and overnight in Shreveport. 

To get to our hotel, we took I-49 south and exited to East 70th Street. We entered "that" type of neighborhood:  car shops with razor wire, closed and crumbling shops, burned houses, Popeye's Chicken, plasma centers, dead gas stations, nail salons, Pay-Day loan shops, car bling shops (behind razor fences), and an occasional resident shuffling along in a heavy parka or electric scooter. 

Heading east on E. 70th, we crossed a bayou and oops, what happened? A bicycle trail, insurance offices, the Lexus and BMW dealers, Whole Foods Market, new chain hotels, la Madeleine French Bakery. The contrast is so Southern, so typical. But even after all these decades living in the South, I am still amazed and disgusted.

The next morning, we went back to E. 70th and took a few pictures. It looked worse in daylight. It was an overcast day, and we saw almost no one out and about.

558 E. 70th Street (35mm ƒ/2 Summicron lens)

Apollo Liquor - probably a money-maker (5932 Linewood Ave.)

Grant's Automotive, 6912 Fairfield Ave.

King Tire, 437 E. 70th St.

Fixer-upper house, E. 69th St.

Southern Avenue 

Another fixer-upper house, 249 E. 69th St.

E. 66th St. (25mm ƒ/4 Voigtlander Color-Skopar lens)

No one home, E. 66th St. (25mm ƒ/4 Voigtlander Color-Skopar lens)

Well, this part of Shreveport is pretty horrifying. Why is this type of decay so endemic in American cities? I just don't understand.

I took these photographs of Fuji Acros film with my Leica M2 camera using 25mm, 35mm, and 50mm lenses, all hand-held. I scanned the negatives with a Plustek OptiFilm 7600i film scanner operated by SilverFast software.

Autumn In Athens 2022 (Part 2)

Emerging from the Monasteraki metro station (Samsung phone file)

Let's continue wandering the Pláka on a cheerful and hot day in October. What happened to winter?

Mrs. Popi's store

I first met Mrs. Popi in the 1980s. She has run this souvenir store forever. Her grandkids (?), who go to college in the USA, work here in the summers. They told me that Mrs. Popi is now 101 years old and stays home and cooks. Years ago, I bought a brass lion door knocker from her. But we never used it because our door at home has a glass panel and there was no place to mount the lion.

The Pláka district has 10s of stores like this selling tourist goods. We have wool hangings at home that we bought years ago. 

Monasteraki Square, always crowded (Acros film, Leica M2)

Alley off Monasteraki Square (Samsung phone file)

Flea market, 2011 (Panasonic G1 digital file)

Monasteraki is the flea market / traditional downtown district of Athens. It is nestled under the walls of the Acropolis and is a popular tourist destination. The flea market was once really that, but today much of the merchandise is Chinese budget stuff.

Heading north on Athenas Street, you pass by small side streets and lanes with a mixture of traditional 2-story houses and modern concrete boxes. It is sad that Athens let so much of its traditional late-1800s architecture get replaced with nondescript post-war budget concrete boxes.

Time for some Levis on Vissis Street (50mm Summicron lens)

Soukratos Street (50mm Summicron lens)

Pigeon house, Athenas Street (25mm Color-Skopar lens)

Keep walking north on Athenas Street and you soon reach the Central Market. This is a fun place to explore and is a popular tourist site. Buy some spices or nuts, fish, cow, sardines, bread, oil, or coffee. And stop and have lunch one of the small restaurants. I have written about the Central Market before several times. It's worth a visit every trip to Athens.

Heady experience (Samsung phone digital file)

Central Market in 1951, when it was a bit more earthy

The end of Athenas Street where it meets Omonoia Square, 1951

This ends our walk from Monasteraki Square to Omonoia Square. Here you can catch the metro and head home or to your hotel. Thank you for joining on this walk.